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Related Concept Videos

Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Overview of Exosomes01:36

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts01:18

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Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Uniform Circular Motion01:14

Uniform Circular Motion

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Uniform circular motion is a specific type of motion in which an object travels in a circle with a constant speed. For example, any point on a propeller spinning at a constant rate is undergoing uniform circular motion. The second, minute, and hour hands of a watch also undergo uniform circular motion. It is hard to believe that points on these rotating objects are actually accelerating, even though the rotation rate is constant. To understand this, we must analyze the motion in terms of...
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Non-uniform Circular Motion01:22

Non-uniform Circular Motion

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In uniform circular motion, the particle executing circular motion has a constant speed, and the circle is at a fixed radius. However, not all circular motion occurs at a constant speed. A particle can travel in a circle and speed up or slow down, showing an acceleration in the direction of motion. In that case, the motion is called non-uniform circular motion, and an additional acceleration is introduced, which is in the direction tangential to the circle. 
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Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes
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Circular RNA in Exosomes.

Daniele Fanale1, Simona Taverna1, Antonio Russo2

  • 1Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), found in exosomes, show potential as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring diseases like cancer. Their unique structure and expression levels in bodily fluids offer new diagnostic possibilities.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCDR1asCircular RNAs (circRNAs)ExosomesNon-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs generated via back-splicing in eukaryotes.
  • circRNAs regulate gene and miRNA expression and are implicated in cell proliferation, tumor development, and other diseases.
  • circRNAs are found in body fluids and recently detected in exosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the features and functions of exosomal circRNAs.
  • To discuss the potential of exosomal circRNAs as molecular biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring, particularly in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on circRNA biogenesis, classification, and functions.
  • Discussion of circRNA detection in exosomes and body fluids.
  • Analysis of the potential of serum exosomal circRNAs as cancer biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • circRNAs exhibit diverse biological functions and can be classified into five types based on biogenesis.
  • Serum exosomal circRNAs are detectable and may differ between cancer patients and healthy individuals.
  • Exosomal circRNAs hold promise for non-invasive cancer detection and monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomal circRNAs represent a novel class of biomarkers with significant potential for early disease detection and management.
  • Further investigation into serum exosomal circRNAs could lead to the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools.
  • Understanding exosomal circRNAs may revolutionize the monitoring of complex diseases, especially cancer.