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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Electrocardiogram Recordings in Anesthetized Mice using Lead II
Published on: June 20, 2020
Lead Extraction Imaging
Pierce J Vatterott1, Imran S Syed1, Akbar H Khan1
1United Heart & Vascular Clinic, Allina Health System, 225 North Smith Avenue, Suite 400, St Paul, MN 55102, USA.
Abstract:
Lead extraction procedures have a low but real risk of major complications, such as superior vena cava tear and cardiac tamponade. Complications during lead removal are commonly related to lead binding sites, lead malposition, and lead perforation. Lead extraction imaging may indicate lead vascular binding sites, lead position, and perforation. Several imaging modalities are available, including chest radiograph, cardiac computed tomography, and echocardiography. The information provided by various imaging modalities will help assess the challenges of each lead extraction procedure and allows for better preprocedure planning.
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