Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Representativeness Heuristic

The Representativeness Heuristic

The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.

Molecular Models

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.

Measurement: Standard Units

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.

Chemical Equations

Chemical Equations

Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Theta band activity during event-file retrieval is influenced by stimulus salience in the preceding action episode.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026

Same author

Altered neural oscillatory dynamics underlie reduced anticipatory schema use during event segmentation in adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum disorder.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026

Same author

How the influence of cingulate-lingual interactions on event segmentation changes from early to late adolescence.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Negative Feedback Does Not Reverse Observationally Acquired Binding and Retrieval Effects: A Failed Replication.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same author

Learning from feedback is independent from feedback visibility, but supported by aperiodic neural activity.

NeuroImage·2026

Same author

Attribution of Selfhood Based on Simple Behavioral Cues: Toward a Pars-Pro-Toto Account.

Cognitive science·2026

Same journal

Error Cancellation During Early Task Performance.

Experimental psychology·2026

Same journal

Test Format Matching Moderates the Forward Testing Effect.

Experimental psychology·2026

Same journal

Affective-Motivational Task Content and Stimulus Size Modulate Cognitive Control in Task Switching.

Experimental psychology·2026

Same journal

The Effect of Violent Virtual Avatar Experience on Players' Response Inhibition to Angry Expressions and Its Cognitive Neural Mechanisms.

Experimental psychology·2026

Same journal

Same Person, Different Personality?

Experimental psychology·2026

Same journal

Competition Matters!

Experimental psychology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Capturing Representative Hand Use at Home Using Egocentric Video in Individuals with Upper Limb Impairment

Capturing Representative Hand Use at Home Using Egocentric Video in Individuals with Upper Limb Impairment

Published on: December 23, 2020

Representing Oneself and Others.

Bernhard Hommel¹

¹1 Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Experimental Psychology

|January 15, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a theoretical framework for understanding self-representation and other-representation, suggesting they overlap based on shared salient features and metacontrol states. Self-concepts develop through exploration and cultural learning, primarily aiding social communication.

Keywords:

Self-representation metacontrol minimal self narrative self social sognition theory of event coding

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in iPSCs and Genetic Disease Research

Author Spotlight: Advancements in iPSCs and Genetic Disease Research

Published on: October 20, 2023

Laparoscopic Anatomical Right Anterior Sectionectomy with a Hepatic Pedicle-first Approach: Technical Details and Representative Case Illustration

Laparoscopic Anatomical Right Anterior Sectionectomy with a Hepatic Pedicle-first Approach: Technical Details and Representative Case Illustration

Published on: October 24, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Capturing Representative Hand Use at Home Using Egocentric Video in Individuals with Upper Limb Impairment

Capturing Representative Hand Use at Home Using Egocentric Video in Individuals with Upper Limb Impairment

Published on: December 23, 2020

Author Spotlight: Advancements in iPSCs and Genetic Disease Research

Author Spotlight: Advancements in iPSCs and Genetic Disease Research

Published on: October 20, 2023

Laparoscopic Anatomical Right Anterior Sectionectomy with a Hepatic Pedicle-first Approach: Technical Details and Representative Case Illustration

Laparoscopic Anatomical Right Anterior Sectionectomy with a Hepatic Pedicle-first Approach: Technical Details and Representative Case Illustration

Published on: October 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Social Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology

Background:

The nature of self-representation and other-representation remains incompletely understood.
Existing theories do not fully explain the interaction between self and other representations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a theoretical framework for self- and other-representation based on the Theory of Event Coding.
To elucidate the conditions and consequences of the interaction between self- and other-representations.
To explore the developmental origins and functional purpose of self-concepts.

Main Methods:

Theoretical framework development.
Conceptual analysis inspired by the Theory of Event Coding.
Exploration of developmental and cultural influences on self-concept formation.

Main Results:

Self- and other-representations overlap when sharing salient features under specific metacontrol states.
Self-concepts emerge from active environmental exploration and cultural learning during development.
The primary function of self-concepts is social communication, not immediate action control.

Conclusions:

A novel theoretical framework integrating self- and other-representation is proposed.
Self-concept development is rooted in early life experiences and social interaction.
The proposed framework offers insights into the interplay between self-perception, social cognition, and communication.