Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
Published on: April 19, 2024
Association between testosterone with type 2 diabetes in adult males, a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Jianzhong Zhang1, Xiao Li2, Zhonglin Cai1
1Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Objective:
We performed this meta-analysis to assess serum testosterone changes in adult males with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify qualified studies. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to test the changes of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in patients with T2DM. Besides, trial sequential analysis was used to verify the pooled results.
Results:
A total of 56 studies were enrolled in our meta-analysis. Meta-analyses of the cross-sectional studies showed that patients with T2DM has significant decreases in TT (WMD: -2.98, 95%CI: -3.48 to -2.47), FT (WMD: -32.82, 95%CI: -39.70 to -25.95) and SHBG (WMD: -2.47, 95%CI: -3.93 to -1.02). In terms of the prospective studies, our results showed decreases in TT (WMD: -2.35, 95%CI: -3.24 to -1.46), FT (WMD: -25.96, 95%CI: -83.98 to 32.05), and SHBG (WMD: -10.06, 95%CI: -13.29 to -6.84) in patients with T2DM. By trial sequential analyses, the findings in current meta-analysis were based on reliable evidence.
Conclusion:
Our results indicate that patients with T2DM have lower serum TT, FT, and SHBG levels.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Pedigree Analysis
Types of Hormones

