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    We developed a polarization topological order (PTO) sorting system using diffractive splitting (DS) to improve optical communication. This method enhances separation resolution for PTO division multiplexing, enabling higher data transmission capacity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Optical Communication Systems
    • Information Theory

    Background:

    • Vector beams with varying polarization topological orders (PTOs) are orthogonal and serve as eigenmodes in optical fibers.
    • PTO multiplexing offers a promising channel for future optical communication generations due to its orthogonality.
    • Efficiently sorting and decoding information from these PTOs is crucial for advancing communication technology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate a high-resolution PTO sorting system.
    • To investigate the effectiveness of the diffractive splitting (DS) method in enhancing PTO separation resolution.
    • To provide a method for decoding information from PTO division multiplexing.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental implementation of a PTO sorting system.
    • Utilizing the diffractive splitting (DS) method for enhanced beam separation.
    • Theoretical analysis to explore factors influencing separation resolution, such as copy number.

    Main Results:

    • The diffractive splitting (DS) method significantly enhanced the separation resolution of the PTO sorting system.
    • Separation resolution improved to 77.5% with DS, compared to 58% without DS.
    • Theoretical analysis indicates that increasing the copy number can further improve separation resolution.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed PTO sorting system based on diffractive splitting offers a high-resolution approach for decoding information.
    • This technology is a key advancement for future optical communication systems utilizing PTO division multiplexing.
    • Further optimization by increasing copy number holds potential for even greater separation resolution.