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Developing Critical Thinking Skills in Pharmacy Students.

Adam M Persky1,2, Melissa S Medina3, Ashley N Castleberry4

  • 1Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing critical thinking (CT) in pharmacy students faces barriers like mindset and cognitive biases. Evidence-based strategies, including instructor training and supportive learning environments, are crucial for fostering these essential skills.

Keywords:
clinical decision makingcourse designcritical thinkingmetacognitionproblem solving

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Cognitive Science
  • Higher Education Pedagogy

Background:

  • Critical thinking (CT) is a highly valued competency for pharmacy graduates.
  • Numerous barriers impede the development of CT skills in students.
  • These include cognitive biases, metacognitive deficits, and fixed mindsets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of critical thinking in pharmacy education.
  • To identify key barriers hindering CT skill development in pharmacy students.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing CT skills.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on critical thinking importance and barriers.
  • Synthesis of research findings on effective CT development strategies.
  • Analysis of pedagogical approaches for fostering CT in pharmacy curricula.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacy students encounter challenges such as fixed mindsets, heuristics, biases, and effortful cognition.
  • Effective CT development requires a supportive learning environment and observable cognitive strategies.
  • Guidance and sustained support are essential for students to internalize CT skills.

Conclusions:

  • Curricular-level coordination is necessary for integrating CT instruction.
  • Instructor training is a critical intervention for improving CT skills.
  • Targeted pedagogical strategies and supportive environments enhance CT in pharmacy students.