[THE MICROBIAL STRUCTURE OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT IN PREMATURE INFANTS]

This article presents the results of a microbiological study of microbial contamination of the respiratory tract mucosa of 124 premature newborns with different gestational age (24-28 and 29-36 weeks) who are in the critical medicine department of LTD "Imedis Clinica", Tbilisi. For the study, modern methods of qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis were used, as well as the determination of the sensitivity/resistance of the isolated microorganisms to antibiotics using standard disks by the discdiffusion method and the serial dilution method on solid nutrient media, which were performed on newborns for the first 72 hours, on days 14 and 30. In the first 72 hours microbial colonization was established only in 20.97% of children, and in 79.03% the airways were free from microorganisms. During this period, there was mainly release of gram-positive micro flora (92.31%), among which mainly strains of S. haemolyticus were detected, while gram-negative micro flora was represented by only 2 (97.69%) strains of E. coli. By 14 days of life, microbial colonization of the respiratory tract of premature newborns increased almost 3 times. Microbial growth was not detected in 41.94% of children. During this period, the microbial colonization of the pharynx increased 3 times, and the trachea almost 2 times, and such genera of microorganisms as Pseudomonas aeruginosae, Stenostophominas maltophylia, Acinetobacter baumanii and Klebsiella pneumonia appeared. By the 30th day from the moment of birth, the degree of microbial colonization of the respiratory tract in premature newborns increased slightly. Thus, microbiological studies of the microbial structure of the respiratory tract mucosa of premature newborns at the end of the first month have shown that specific and quantitative changes occur in the microbial structure. In particular, representatives of gram-negative microflora, especially microorganisms of the genera Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, dominated oversome representatives of gram-positive micro flora. The isolated microorganisms had a high degree of sensitivity to third-generation drugs of cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones.