Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

4.4K
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
4.4K
Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

43.3K
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
43.3K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

70.3K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
70.3K
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

29.9K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
29.9K
Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

96.2K
Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
96.2K
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

207.3K
Overview
207.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The tubular cavity of tobacco mosaic virus shields mechanical stress and regulates disassembly.

Acta biomaterialia·2025
Same author

The 2018 correlative microscopy techniques roadmap.

Journal of physics D: Applied physics·2019
Same author

Durable protein lattices of clathrin that can be functionalized with nanoparticles and active biomolecules.

Nature nanotechnology·2015
Same author

Quantitative nanoscale electrostatics of viruses.

Nanoscale·2015
Same author

Structural insights into magnetic clusters grown inside virus capsids.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2014
Same author

Interplay between the mechanics of bacteriophage fibers and the strength of virus-host links.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy
10:03

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: August 10, 2011

17.8K

Atomic Force Microscopy of Viruses.

P J de Pablo1, I A T Schaap2

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Solid Condensed Matter Institute IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. p.j.depablo@uam.es.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows detailed imaging and mechanical analysis of individual viruses in liquid. This technique reveals viral structure, host interactions, and uncoating mechanisms, offering insights into viral behavior.

Keywords:
Atomic force microscopyBreakingCageCantileverCapsidElasticityFatigueForce curveNano-indentationProteinRuptureShellSpring constantStiffnessTipTopographyVirus

More Related Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers
10:15

Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers

Published on: July 22, 2015

15.4K
Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
10:35

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 19, 2016

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy
10:03

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: August 10, 2011

17.8K
Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers
10:15

Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers

Published on: July 22, 2015

15.4K
Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
10:35

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 19, 2016

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Virology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides nanometer resolution imaging of samples.
  • AFM can operate in liquid, enabling studies of biological samples in physiological conditions.
  • Viruses present unique challenges for structural and mechanical analysis due to their size and complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of AFM for studying viral surface structure, including viruses without defined symmetry.
  • To explore AFM's capability in manipulating single viruses for force spectroscopy experiments.
  • To discuss how AFM can elucidate virus-host interactions, mechanical properties, and uncoating pathways.

Main Methods:

  • AFM imaging for high-resolution surface topography of viruses.
  • Force spectroscopy (pulling and pushing experiments) to measure single-virus mechanical properties and interactions.
  • Analysis of viral capsid rupture and self-healing events.

Main Results:

  • AFM successfully images the surface structure of various viruses, even those lacking symmetry.
  • Pulling experiments reveal details of virus-host interactions at the single-molecule level.
  • Pushing experiments demonstrate changes in viral mechanical response due to maturation and pH, and capsid-genome interactions.

Conclusions:

  • AFM is a versatile tool for comprehensive analysis of individual viruses, from structure to dynamics.
  • AFM force spectroscopy provides critical insights into viral mechanics, host interactions, and uncoating processes.
  • The technique offers a unique window into the life cycle and behavior of viruses under near-native conditions.