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Optimization of Time- and Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU.

W B Doriese1, S R Bandler2, S Chaudhuri3

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity : a Publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimized readout schemes for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) reduce component size and power usage. Hybrid C/TDM and Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) offer viable options for the Athena mission, saving spacecraft resources.

Keywords:
Athena satelliteX-ray microcalorimetersmultiplexed readoutsuperconducting quantum-interference devicestransition-edge sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Instrument Science
  • Superconducting Devices

Background:

  • Spacecraft-based arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) require efficient readout systems.
  • The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) for the Athena mission necessitates optimized cryogenic-circuit components for layout area and power dissipation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present three key optimizations for the time-division multiplexing (TDM) and code-division multiplexing (CDM) readout systems of the X-IFU.
  • To evaluate a hybrid C/TDM architecture, a redesigned shunt resistor, and the impact of SQUID critical current on readout noise and power.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a hybrid C/TDM readout architecture balancing noise and layout compactness.
  • Redesigned the shunt resistor for TES biasing, reducing its area by over 5x through new layout and thicker Pd-Au layer.
  • Analyzed power dissipation and readout noise versus critical current for first-stage SQUIDs.

Main Results:

  • The hybrid C/TDM architecture offers advantages of both CDM and TDM.
  • The redesigned shunt resistor significantly decreases area requirements.
  • Optimized SQUID critical current to 5 microA for X-IFU TDM and C/TDM systems.

Conclusions:

  • Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) meets all requirements as a backup readout option for X-IFU.
  • Hybrid C/TDM is a viable alternative, potentially saving valuable spacecraft resources.
  • These optimizations are crucial for the successful implementation of the X-IFU on the Athena mission.