Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
Cardiac Mapping Systems: Rhythmia, Topera, EnSite Precision, and CARTO
Martin Borlich1, Philipp Sommer2
1Heart Center, Segeberger Kliniken (Academic Teaching Hospital of the Universities of Kiel, Lübeck and Hamburg), Am Kurpark 1, Bad Segeberg, Schleswig-Holstein 23795, Germany.
New cardiac mapping systems offer safe, accurate 3-D heart reconstruction and arrhythmia visualization, reducing fluoroscopy needs. These advancements aid therapeutic decisions in invasive electrophysiology.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Medical Technology
- Electrophysiology
Background:
- Cardiac mapping systems are crucial for visualizing cardiac arrhythmias.
- Advancements aim to improve safety, accuracy, and reduce fluoroscopy in cardiac procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the current state of cardiac mapping technology.
- To discuss the applications and limitations of individual systems.
- To provide an outlook on future developments.
Main Methods:
- Review of novel cardiac mapping systems.
- Analysis of 3-D reconstruction and arrhythmia visualization capabilities.
- Evaluation of fluoroscopy reduction and therapeutic decision-making impact.
Main Results:
- Novel systems provide safe and accurate 3-D cardiac reconstruction.
- Fast and accurate visualization of cardiac arrhythmias is achieved.
- Reduced reliance on fluoroscopy during electrophysiology procedures.
Conclusions:
- Cardiac mapping systems significantly enhance therapeutic decision-making in invasive electrophysiology.
- New developments in systems like Rhythmia, Topera, EnSite Precision, and CARTO show promising advancements.
- These technologies are poised to further optimize cardiac arrhythmia management.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy and Precision
Second Order systems II
First Order Systems
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
Second Order systems I
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
Classification of Systems-I
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

