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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Next-generation passive optical networks demand integrated, polarization-insensitive wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) solutions.
    • Low-loss silicon nitride nanophotonic platforms are emerging as a promising technology for these applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) fabricated using silicon nitride waveguides.
    • To achieve polarization insensitivity in the AWG for enhanced optical network performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed an AWG with silicon nitride waveguides to achieve simultaneous alignment of channel spacing and center wavelength for both TE and TM polarization modes.
    • Optimized arrayed waveguide geometry for channel spacing alignment.
    • Adjusted the angle of incidence at the input star coupler to compensate for polarization mode dispersion and achieve central wavelength insensitivity.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a 100 GHz 1x8 wavelength-division multiplexer.
    • Achieved crosstalk levels below -16 dB, indicating high performance and signal integrity.
    • Successfully implemented polarization insensitivity in the silicon nitride AWG.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed silicon nitride AWG is a viable and high-performance solution for polarization-insensitive WDM.
    • This technology holds significant potential for advancing next-generation passive optical networks.
    • The demonstrated device meets critical performance metrics for practical optical communication systems.