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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Feeder-free Derivation of Neural Crest Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Recent advances in deriving human endodermal tissues from pluripotent stem cells.

Daniel O Kechele1, James M Wells2

  • 1Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|August 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells is advancing rapidly. This review covers new methods for creating human endodermal tissues for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.

Background:

  • Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a rapidly evolving field.
  • Generating functional human tissues from hPSCs holds promise for various biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the derivation and applications of human endodermal tissues from hPSCs.
  • To highlight improvements in tissue maturation, complexity, and scalability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on directed differentiation protocols for endodermal tissues.
  • Analysis of advancements in transcriptional and functional maturation of derived tissues.
  • Assessment of scalability and multicellular complexity in engineered tissues.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in deriving various human endodermal tissues, including esophagus, lung, pancreas, liver, stomach, small intestine, and colon.
  • Improvements in maturation, complexity, and scalability facilitate better disease modeling and drug screening.
  • Engineered tissues show potential for cell-based therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Directed differentiation of hPSCs is a powerful tool for generating diverse human endodermal tissues.
  • These advancements enable more accurate disease modeling, efficient drug/toxicity screening, and potential cell therapies.
  • Continued progress in maturation and scalability will further expand the utility of hPSC-derived tissues.