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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Optimizing Pain Control During the Opioid Epidemic.

Calista M Harbaugh1, Pasithorn A Suwanabol2

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The Surgical Clinics of North America
|August 27, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The US opioid crisis necessitates safer surgical pain management. This review offers strategies for opioid reduction and improved prescribing safety for surgical patients.

Keywords:
NarcoticsOpioid epidemicOpioidsPain managementSurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Public Health
  • Surgical Care

Background:

  • The ongoing opioid crisis highlights significant risks associated with opioid use, including misuse, addiction, and overdose.
  • Effective pain management is crucial for surgical patient recovery, balancing functional pain control with safety concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of the US opioid crisis on surgical pain management.
  • To describe strategies for reducing opioid prescriptions in surgical settings.
  • To provide recommendations for enhancing the safety of opioid prescribing for surgeons.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on opioid crisis impact and surgical pain management.
  • Analysis of stepwise therapy approaches for opioid reduction.
  • Synthesis of recommendations for safe opioid prescribing practices.

Main Results:

  • Opioid prescribing in surgery requires careful consideration due to the national opioid crisis.
  • Stepwise therapy offers a structured approach to minimize opioid use.
  • Risk assessment and naloxone coprescribing are vital for high-risk surgical patients.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical providers must adapt pain management strategies to mitigate opioid-related risks.
  • Implementing opioid reduction techniques and safety protocols is essential.
  • Proactive risk assessment and naloxone distribution can improve patient safety.