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Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

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The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves...
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Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

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Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
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Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
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Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Affordable Oxygen Microscopy-Assisted Biofabrication of Multicellular Spheroids
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Correction to: Oxygen Transport to Tissue XL.

Oliver Thews1, Joseph C LaManna2, David K Harrison3

  • 1Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Changes in cytochrome-c-oxidase levels directly correlate with near-infrared light attenuation in infant brains. This finding is crucial for understanding brain development and function in infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Neuroscience
  • Infant Physiology

Context:

  • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technique used to monitor brain activity.
  • Changes in cerebral blood oxygenation and metabolism are key indicators of brain health.
  • Understanding these changes in infants is vital due to their developing neurological systems.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the relationship between cytochrome-c-oxidase activity and light attenuation in the infant brain.
  • To introduce a novel fibreless multiwavelength NIRS system for enhanced brain imaging.
  • To provide open access to critical research chapters for broader scientific dissemination.

Summary:

  • Cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO) activity significantly influences the attenuation of near-infrared (NIR) light within the healthy infant brain.
  • A newly developed fibreless multiwavelength NIRS system enables precise imaging of localized changes in cerebral oxidized cytochrome c oxidase.
  • These chapters are now open access, facilitating wider research and understanding in pediatric neuroimaging.

Impact:

  • Improved non-invasive monitoring of infant brain metabolism and oxygenation.
  • Advancement in NIRS technology for pediatric neuroimaging applications.
  • Increased accessibility of foundational research on infant brain function and optical properties.