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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
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Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale01:22

Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale

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The definition of temperature in terms of molecular motion suggests that there should be a lowest possible temperature, where the average kinetic energy of molecules is zero (or the minimum allowed by quantum mechanics). Experiments confirm the existence of such a temperature, called absolute zero. An absolute temperature scale is one whose zero point is absolute zero. Such scales are convenient in science because several physical quantities, such as the volume of an ideal gas, are directly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

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MRI-visible liquid crystal thermometer.

Kathryn E Keenan1, Karl F Stupic1, Stephen E Russek1

  • 1Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An MRI-compatible thermometer using liquid crystals (LCs) was developed for accurate temperature measurement within MRI phantoms. This innovation ensures reliable quantitative MRI measurements by addressing temperature variations in different MRI systems.

Keywords:
MRIliquid crystalsphantomtemperaturethermometer

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • MRI parameters like T1, T2, and ADC are temperature-dependent.
  • Variations in MRI system bore temperatures (up to 10°C) can affect phantom measurement accuracy.
  • Current thermometers require phantom opening, risking contamination and instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an integrated, MRI-visible thermometer for phantoms.
  • To enable accurate temperature correction in quantitative MRI.
  • To overcome limitations of external thermometers in MRI phantom studies.

Main Methods:

  • Designed an MRI-compatible thermometer utilizing liquid crystals (LCs).
  • LCs exhibit distinct state transitions within the 17°C to 23°C range in 1.0°C increments.
  • Assessed thermometer performance using visual inspection, SQUID magnetometry, NMR, and MRI.

Main Results:

  • The LC thermometer generated visible signals in both spin-echo and gradient-echo MRI sequences.
  • LC transition temperatures were validated against NIST-traceable thermometers, SQUID magnetometry, and NMR.
  • Measurable signal changes correlated with temperature, independent of imaging sequences.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LC thermometer is visible with MRI and provides accurate temperature readings.
  • This device offers a non-invasive solution for temperature monitoring in MRI phantoms.
  • It enhances the reliability and quantitative accuracy of MRI phantom measurements.