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Animal Models to Study Cancer and Its Microenvironment.

N Mendes1,2, P Dias Carvalho3,4, F Martins3,4

  • 1i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal. nmendes@ipatimup.pt.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Understanding tumor microenvironment interactions is crucial for cancer progression and treatment efficacy. Animal models aid in studying these complex cancer ecosystems for therapeutic development.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment Research

Background:

  • Cancers comprise genetically altered cells and a complex tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Interactions within the TME significantly influence tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment response.
  • The TME includes stromal cells (immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, neuronal cells) and the extracellular matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development.
  • To highlight the necessity of studying cancer cells alongside their microenvironment for understanding tumorigenesis.
  • To underscore the impact of TME constituents on anti-cancer treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer biology and tumor microenvironment.
  • Analysis of the role of cellular and non-cellular TME components in cancer.
  • Examination of the utility of animal models (e.g., Mouse, Zebrafish, Drosophila) in cancer research.

Main Results:

  • The intricate crosstalk between cancer cells and TME components is fundamental to tumor progression.
  • Combined study of cancer cells and TME is essential for a comprehensive understanding of tumorigenesis.
  • Animal models provide a pathophysiologic environment crucial for studying cancer development and validating treatments.

Conclusions:

  • A holistic approach, integrating cancer cells and their microenvironment, is vital for advancing cancer research.
  • Understanding TME dynamics is key to developing more effective cancer therapies.
  • Animal models are indispensable tools for preclinical cancer research, facilitating the discovery and validation of novel treatments.