[Rubor, calor, dolor, tumor : skin and soft tissue infections]

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Skin infections are common but challenging to diagnose accurately.
• Microbiological documentation is often lacking, necessitating empiric antibiotic choices.
• Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, rare infection requiring prompt intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the key aspects of diagnosing and treating common skin infections.
• To highlight the importance of empiric antibiotic coverage for prevalent bacteria.
• To discuss the management of severe infections like necrotizing fasciitis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of diagnostic and treatment strategies for skin infections.
• Analysis of common bacterial pathogens and appropriate antibiotic regimens.
• Discussion of surgical and medical management of necrotizing fasciitis.

Main Results:

• Empiric antibiotics should target streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus.
• Consideration of alternative pathogens is necessary for immunocompromised patients or specific exposures.
• Early surgical debridement alongside antibiotics is critical for necrotizing fasciitis.

Conclusions:

• Optimal treatment duration, recurrence prevention, and immunoglobulin use for NF remain areas for further research.
• Accurate diagnosis and timely, appropriate treatment are essential for managing skin infections.
• This review synthesizes current knowledge on skin infection diagnosis and treatment.