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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
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Primary Antibody Deficiencies.

Qing Min1, Xin Meng1, Ji-Yang Wang2

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs), a common inherited immune disorder, stem from B cell defects. Genetic sequencing advances have identified key genes, informing disease mechanisms and treatments.

Keywords:
B cell activation and differentiationB cell developmentClass-switch recombinationPrimary antibody deficienciesT-B interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most frequent inherited primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs).
  • PADs manifest with diverse clinical symptoms, including increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune conditions, and cancer.
  • Antibody production relies on B cells; thus, defects in B cell development or function lead to PADs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical features, genetic causes, and underlying mechanisms of various PAD types.
  • To review current and potential clinical treatments for PADs.
  • To highlight the role of advanced genetic sequencing in understanding PAD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on primary antibody deficiencies.
  • Analysis of findings from whole exome and whole genome sequencing studies.
  • Synthesis of clinical data, genetic information, and mechanistic insights.

Main Results:

  • Identification of numerous genetic defects responsible for different forms of PADs.
  • Elucidation of how specific genetic mutations impact B cell biology and antibody production.
  • Correlation of genetic defects with distinct clinical phenotypes and disease severities.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic defects in B cell pathways are central to the pathogenesis of PADs.
  • Advanced sequencing technologies are crucial for diagnosing PADs and understanding their molecular basis.
  • A comprehensive understanding of PADs facilitates the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.