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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior
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Experimental study on individual risk in crowds based on exerted force and human perceptions.

Chongyang Wang1,2, Liangchang Shen1,2, Wenguo Weng1,2

  • 1Department of Engineering Physics, Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Ergonomics
|May 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an individual risk evaluation method (IREM) to quantify crowd safety. This method assesses exerted force and duration during crowd interactions, establishing risk zones to prevent crowd disasters.

Keywords:
Individual risk evaluationcrowdforce and durationhuman feelings

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Crowd Dynamics
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • Crowd disasters involve intense individual interactions.
  • Exerted force and its duration are key risk factors in crowd events.
  • Existing methods lack nuanced individual risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a quantifiable individual risk evaluation method (IREM) for crowd safety.
  • To correlate physical forces and durations with subjective individual experiences.
  • To inform crowd management strategies and simulation models.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled laboratory experiments simulating static and dynamic loads on the human body.
  • Real-time measurement of exerted force and its duration during simulated extrusion.
  • Development of a risk assessment scale based on subjective feelings and objective measurements.

Main Results:

  • Quantified real-time exerted force and duration data from human body extrusion experiments.
  • Established a three-zone risk classification: comfortable, uncomfortable, and crisis.
  • Identified that the transition to the crisis zone is a range, accounting for individual variability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed IREM provides a framework for assessing individual risk in crowded environments.
  • This method can aid in the development of more accurate pedestrian simulation models.
  • The findings support improved crowd event management and disaster prevention strategies.