Diffusion MR Imaging in the Head and Neck: Principles and Applications

Area of Science:

• Radiology and Medical Imaging
• Biophysics
• Neuroimaging

Background:

• Diffusion imaging measures water molecule motion for tissue contrast.
• It is a fundamental MRI technique for brain imaging.
• Its application is growing in head and neck imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state of diffusion imaging techniques for head and neck applications.
• To discuss the physics, evidence, pitfalls, and advances in these techniques.
• To detail practical clinical applications of diffusion imaging in the head and neck.

Main Methods:

• Review of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
• Inclusion of advanced techniques: DWI trace with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).
• Discussion of technical aspects, clinical evidence, and potential challenges.

Main Results:

• Diffusion imaging offers valuable contrast for head and neck tissues.
• Various advanced diffusion techniques provide complementary information.
• Technical improvements are enhancing image quality and diagnostic capabilities.
• Clinical applications are expanding, supported by growing evidence.

Conclusions:

• Diffusion imaging is a versatile tool for head and neck imaging.
• Understanding different diffusion techniques is crucial for clinical practice.
• Continued technical advancements promise broader applications and improved patient outcomes.