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Updated: Dec 14, 2025

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions
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Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions

Published on: August 26, 2021

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[Progress on the mechanism of extracellular vesicles involves in pathogen infection: Review]

Xiaofang Li1, Zhou Zhou2

  • 1Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.

Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology
|July 23, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles involved in cell communication. This study reviews how EVs contribute to pathogen infections by spreading molecules and altering immune responses.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous nano-vesicles produced by cells and some pathogens.
  • EVs mediate intercellular communication by transporting proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.
  • Following infection, EVs play a role in immune regulation through molecular exchange.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the functions and mechanisms of extracellular vesicles in pathogenic processes.
  • To explore the role of EVs in infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on extracellular vesicles in pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which EVs influence pathogen transmission, replication, and host immunity.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular vesicles promote pathogen transmission and replication.
  • EVs alter pathogen antigenicity and infectivity via material transport.
  • EVs significantly impact host immune responses during infection.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles are key mediators in the pathogenesis of various infections.
  • Understanding EV functions offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies against pathogens.

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