Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 18, 2025
09:18
Quantifying Tissue-Specific Proteostatic Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans
Published on: September 7, 2021
3.1K
Aging and Protein Kinases
Ayse Basak Engin1, Atilla Engin2
1Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. abengin@gmail.com.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 4, 2021
Summary
Aging is complex, with no single theory fully explaining it. This study highlights that 37 protein kinases regulate aging and senescence, controlling metabolic pathways through 12 checkpoints, suggesting a unified kinase-centric view.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Aging is multifactorial, with existing theories like DNA damage, mitochondrial, free radical, and telomere theories failing to provide a complete explanation.
- A unified theory integrating genetic factors and repair systems is needed to understand aging comprehensively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of protein kinases in aging and senescence.
- To discuss the metabolic targets of protein kinase signal transduction pathways in the context of aging.
Main Methods:
- Review and analysis of scientific literature on protein kinases and aging.
- Discussion of metabolic pathways regulated by protein kinases across five key aging stages.
Main Results:
- Approximately 37 protein kinases are involved in all aging and senescence processes.
- These kinases regulate numerous metabolic pathways and control them via 12 checkpoints.
Conclusions:
- Protein kinases play a central, unifying role in controlling the aging process.
- A protein kinase-centric model offers a more integrated perspective on aging than classical theories alone.
Keywords:
Ataxia- and Rad3-related (ATR)Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)Base excision repair (BER)DNA damageDNA damage response (DDR)DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)Insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS)Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)Nucleotide excision repair (NER)Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1)More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:54Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
14.2K
Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
14.2K
02:54Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
4.1K
4.1K
01:02Phosphorylation
53.0K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
53.0K
01:22Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade
15.3K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
15.3K
01:22PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
4.7K
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...
4.7K
01:07MAPK Signaling Cascades
7.2K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
7.2K