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Related Concept Videos

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Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
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In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 11, 2025

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
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Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique

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[Dural Arteriovenous Fistula].

Satomi Ide1, Hiro Kiyosue

  • 1Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University.

No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery
|March 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) can cause serious symptoms like hemorrhage, especially with cortical venous reflux. Prompt diagnosis via CT/MRI and cerebral angiography is crucial for preventing complications.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are abnormal connections between dural arteries and venous sinuses.
  • Symptoms and prognosis of dAVFs are significantly influenced by venous drainage patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and critical imaging findings of dAVFs.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in dAVFs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CT and MRI findings in patients with dAVFs.
  • Discussion of characteristic imaging features, including flow voids and arterial/venous signal intensities.
  • Emphasis on the role of cerebral angiography in diagnosis.

Main Results:

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  • Cortical venous reflux in dAVFs is associated with a high risk of aggressive symptoms like cerebral hemorrhage and venous infarction.
  • dAVFs can mimic brain tumors on CT and MRI.
  • Specific MRI findings (T2WI flow voids, TOF MRA patterns) are key indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Early suspicion and prompt diagnostic workup including CT, MRI, and cerebral angiography are essential for dAVFs.
  • Understanding venous drainage patterns is critical for risk stratification and management of dAVFs.
  • Timely intervention is crucial, especially for dAVFs involving the brain stem and cerebellum.