[COVID-19 vaccines: vaccine targets, immunogenicity and allergic reactions]

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Vaccinology
• Public Health

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid development of effective vaccines.
• Various vaccine platforms, including mRNA and adenovirus vectors, have been crucial in global immunization efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of action and efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccine types.
• To discuss vaccine targets, immune responses, and reported allergic reactions.
• To summarize current recommendations for managing severe allergic reactions post-vaccination.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific publications on COVID-19 vaccines.
• Analysis of data on vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety profiles.
• Synthesis of clinical guidelines for managing adverse events.

Main Results:

• mRNA and adenovirus vaccines demonstrate significant efficacy in preventing severe COVID-19.
• Common immune responses include antibody and T-cell activation.
• Rare instances of severe allergic reactions have been documented, necessitating monitoring.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19 vaccines are vital tools for pandemic control.
• Understanding vaccine mechanisms and potential adverse events is crucial for public health.
• Adherence to updated safety and management guidelines ensures vaccine program success.