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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 29, 2025

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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Gene Manipulation Protocols in Autophagy.

Rong Liu1, Ren-Peng Guo1, Yue-Guang Rong2

  • 1Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is vital for homeostasis. This study reviews gene silencing methods like CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi, alongside mouse models, to aid autophagy research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a fundamental eukaryotic process for cellular homeostasis.
  • It involves lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components like protein aggregates and damaged organelles.
  • Autophagy research has advanced significantly with the identification of autophagy-related (ATG) genes and development of model organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of gene silencing techniques for studying autophagy in mammalian cells.
  • To summarize commonly used mouse models for assessing autophagic activity and function in vivo.
  • To offer researchers practical information for investigating the roles of autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Gene silencing techniques discussed include CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) methods, specifically siRNA and shRNA, are detailed for gene knockdown.
  • Commonly employed mouse models for autophagy research are summarized.

Main Results:

  • Gene manipulation for autophagy studies is becoming more efficient with advanced molecular biology tools.
  • CRISPR/Cas9, siRNA, and shRNA offer effective strategies for altering autophagy-related gene expression.
  • Established mouse models provide valuable in vivo systems for investigating autophagy.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient gene silencing techniques and relevant mouse models are crucial for advancing autophagy research.
  • This review equips researchers with essential methods for studying autophagy in mammalian systems.
  • Understanding and manipulating autophagy is key to addressing cellular homeostasis and disease.