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Transformation

Transformation

Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...

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Microfluidic Chip Fabrication and Method to Detect Influenza

Microfluidic Chip Fabrication and Method to Detect Influenza

Published on: March 26, 2013

Infection makes micro-CHIPs into macro-CHIPs.

Jayakrishnan Gopakumar¹, Siddhartha Jaiswal¹

¹Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.

|August 6, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling after infection selects for Dnmt3a-deficient hematopoietic stem cells in mice. This leads to clonal expansion and enhanced self-renewal through global DNA methylation changes.

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A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis

Published on: March 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Hematopoietic stem cell biology
Immunology
Epigenetics

Background:

Dnmt3a is crucial for de novo DNA methylation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Loss of Dnmt3a function in HSCs can lead to clonal expansion and altered differentiation.
Immune responses, such as interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling, can influence HSC behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of IFNγ signaling on the behavior of Dnmt3a-deficient HSCs.
To understand the mechanisms by which IFNγ signaling affects HSC self-renewal and expansion.
To explore the role of DNA methylation in mediating these effects.

Main Methods:

Infection models in mice.
Analysis of hematopoietic stem cell populations.
Assessment of DNA methylation patterns.
Evaluation of stem cell self-renewal and expansion capacity.

Main Results:

IFNγ signaling acts as a selective pressure favoring the expansion of Dnmt3a-null HSCs.
Clonal expansion of Dnmt3a-deficient HSCs is associated with global DNA methylation alterations.
These methylation changes enhance the self-renewing capacity of the affected HSCs.

Conclusions:

IFNγ-induced immune responses can promote the outgrowth of HSCs with impaired DNA methylation machinery.
Global methylation changes are a key mechanism mediating the increased self-renewal of Dnmt3a-deficient HSCs under inflammatory conditions.
This study highlights the interplay between immune signaling and epigenetic regulation in HSC homeostasis and potential disease states.