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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Beam Physics

    Background:

    • Young's double-slit experiment is a cornerstone of wave optics.
    • Vector vortex beams possess complex polarization structures.
    • Understanding beam behavior in interference is crucial for optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate Young's double-slit experiment with various vector vortex beams.
    • To analyze polarization-dependent morphological changes in interference patterns.
    • To establish a relationship between beam properties and far-field diffraction.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of vector vortex beam diffraction.
    • Experimental realization of the double-slit experiment with these beams.
    • Analysis of Fraunhofer diffraction patterns and polarization singularities.

    Main Results:

    • Far-field patterns exhibit lattices of polarization singularities.
    • The number of singularity lattices depends on the Poincaré-Hopf index (η).
    • The count of intensity nulls along a specific line equals the absolute value of the index |η|.

    Conclusions:

    • Vector vortex beams create distinct interference patterns in the double-slit experiment.
    • The Poincaré-Hopf index is a key parameter governing far-field diffraction features.
    • This work offers insights into the interplay of polarization and diffraction.