Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.9K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.9K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

53.6K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
53.6K
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

25.4K
DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
25.4K
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

14.9K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
14.9K
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

37.1K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
37.1K
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

35.3K
DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
35.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Break-induced replication forms long mutable single-strand DNA during meiosis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Highly mutagenic copying of telomeric circles promotes ALT establishment.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Genome-wide screen reveals dependence of break induced replication on several distinct checkpoints.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Dataset on Electric Road Mobility: Historical and Evolution Scenarios until 2050.

Scientific data·2024
Same author

Stressed? Break-induced replication comes to the rescue!

DNA repair·2024
Same author

Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Yeast: Old Questions and New Approaches.

Biomolecules·2024
Same journal

The future of marsupial gene editing: What's in the (tool) pouch?

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

Genetic suppressors as new therapeutic targets for Mendelian diseases.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

Beyond housekeeping: snRNA diversity, regulation, and human disease.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

Rethinking mitochondrial metabolism: Intraindividual variability meets population constraints.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

A role for epigenetics in rapid adaptation.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
Same journal

The myth of asexual fungi.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

13.7K

Break-induced replication: unraveling each step.

Liping Liu1, Anna Malkova1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|April 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Break-induced replication (BIR) repairs DNA breaks using a unique synthesis method that can cause genetic instability. This review details Rad51-dependent BIR mechanisms and its role in maintaining genome stability.

Keywords:
break-induced replication (BIR)kinetics and rate of BIRlagging-strand BIR synthesisreplication obstaclesyeast

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Dynamics of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Through Single-Molecule Visualization
07:37

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Dynamics of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Through Single-Molecule Visualization

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.8K
Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

13.7K
Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Dynamics of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Through Single-Molecule Visualization
07:37

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Dynamics of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Through Single-Molecule Visualization

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.8K
Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • DNA Repair

Background:

  • Break-induced replication (BIR) is a critical DNA repair pathway for one-ended double-strand breaks.
  • BIR utilizes homologous recombination and involves DNA synthesis via a migrating displacement loop (D-loop).
  • This process differs from standard S-phase replication and can lead to genetic instability, contributing to human cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the mechanism of Rad51-dependent BIR in budding yeast.
  • To discuss how replication obstacles affect BIR efficiency and fidelity.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for BIR-dependent processes like telomere maintenance and collapsed replication fork repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent research in budding yeast.
  • Analysis of data concerning Rad51-dependent BIR mechanisms.
  • Discussion of findings related to replication obstacles and their impact on BIR.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies have elucidated key aspects of Rad51-dependent BIR.
  • Replication obstacles significantly influence BIR efficiency and the accuracy of DNA synthesis.
  • BIR plays a crucial role in telomere maintenance and the repair of collapsed replication forks.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Rad51-dependent BIR mechanisms is vital for comprehending genome stability.
  • BIR's unique synthesis and potential for instability highlight its dual role in DNA repair and genetic variation.
  • Further research into BIR is essential for addressing cancer and other genetic instability disorders.