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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
983
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

404
The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Structural Modifications and Strategies for Native Starch for Applications in Advanced Drug Delivery.

Pankaj Bhatt1,2, Vipin Kumar2, Richa Goel1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modified starch offers a safe, biocompatible, and cost-effective alternative to synthetic pharmaceutical excipients. Structural modifications enhance starch properties for advanced drug delivery systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Synthetic pharmaceutical excipients can cause toxicity, inflammation, and autoimmune responses, lacking intrinsic bioactivity and biocompatibility.
  • Native starch presents challenges as an excipient due to high digestibility, glycemic index, and suboptimal paste clarity and film-forming properties.
  • There is a need for safer, more effective, and cost-efficient excipients in pharmaceutical formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of native starch as a pharmaceutical excipient.
  • To investigate structural modifications of starch to overcome limitations for pharmaceutical applications.
  • To develop modified starch for advanced and targeted drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Physical modification of native starch.
  • Chemical modification of native starch.
  • Genetic and enzymatic modification of native starch.
  • Analysis of altered molecular bonds, crystalline structure, and retrogradation.

Main Results:

  • Modified starch exhibits reduced digestibility and glycemic index.
  • Improvements in paste clarity, film-forming properties, and binding capabilities were observed.
  • Structural alterations enhance starch's suitability for pharmaceutical use.

Conclusions:

  • Structural modification of native starch yields a novel excipient with significant potential for the pharmaceutical industry.
  • Modified starch offers a biocompatible, non-toxic, and cost-effective alternative to synthetic excipients.
  • These modifications are applicable in advanced drug delivery systems, particularly for targeted delivery.