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Lighting up Micro-/Nanorobots with Fluorescence.

Manyi Yang1, Xia Guo1, Fangzhi Mou1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.

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Fluorescent micro-/nanorobots (MNRs) offer advanced optical tracking and sensing for biomedical applications. This review explores their design, integration, and therapeutic potential in imaging-guided drug delivery and photo-therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optical Science

Background:

  • Micro-/nanorobots (MNRs) show promise for autonomous propulsion in biological systems.
  • Fluorescence is crucial for real-time imaging, sensing, and phototherapy.
  • Integrating fluorescence with MNRs yields fluorescent MNRs with enhanced capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of fluorescent micro-/nanorobots (MNRs).
  • To elucidate the design, preparation, and biomedical applications of fluorescent MNRs.
  • To highlight challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MNR propulsion mechanisms and fluorescence principles.
  • Systematic illustration of strategies for integrating MNRs with fluorescent materials.
  • Analysis of applications in drug delivery, sensing, and therapy.

Main Results:

  • Fluorescent MNRs enable optical trackability and on-the-fly environmental sensitivity.
  • Successful integration strategies enhance MNR functionality for biomedical tasks.
  • Demonstrated potential in imaging-guided drug delivery and photo-(chemo-) therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorescent MNRs represent a significant advancement in nanomedicine.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current challenges and realize full clinical potential.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is key to advancing fluorescent MNR technology.