Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

9.0K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
9.0K
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

1.0K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
1.0K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

2.6K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
2.6K
Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action

1.7K
Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because...
1.7K
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

1.2K
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
1.2K
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

1.8K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of zinc supplementation on serum zinc levels in very low birth weight infants.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·2026
Same author

Timing of food introduction and food-related allergic symptoms in childhood: Evidence from the Japan environment and Children's study (JECS).

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology·2026
Same author

Temporal genetic changes in human bocavirus 1 in Fukushima, Japan, from 2018 to 2024.

Journal of medical microbiology·2026
Same author

Cornelia de Lange syndrome in an extremely low birth weight infant: a case report.

Fukushima journal of medical science·2026
Same author

Effects of external radiation dose on pediatric peripheral blood components after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Fukushima Health Management Survey.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Association between maternal bonding difficulty and neurodevelopmental delay in children aged 2 to 4 years: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Journal of developmental origins of health and disease·2026
Same journal

[Neuropathological Autopsies in Japan: Current Scenario and Challenges].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026
Same journal

[Telemedicine and Digital Technologies in Neurological Intractable Diseases].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026
Same journal

[Disaster Countermeasures for Intractable Neurological Disease].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026
Same journal

[Supporting Health Care Transition for Patients with Childhood-Onset Chronic Conditions: Within Intractable Disease Care in Japan].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026
Same journal

[Multidisciplinary Collaboration between Hospitals and Clinics at the University Hospital and the Core Hospital for the Treatment of Intractable Diseases].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026
Same journal

[The Role of Coordinators for Intractable Diseases in Japan].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.0K

[Acute Flaccid Paralysis].

Mitsuaki Hosoya1

  • 1Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|October 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a term for limb weakness, often linked to polio eradication efforts. Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a related condition, distinct from AFP to prevent confusion.

More Related Videos

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
08:16

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

32.1K
Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
14:55

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Published on: April 18, 2011

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 26, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.0K
Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
08:16

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

32.1K
Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
14:55

Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI

Published on: April 18, 2011

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a clinical syndrome used to monitor polio eradication.
  • Polio-like illnesses have been increasingly associated with enteroviruses, including enterovirus A71 and enterovirus D68.
  • Distinguishing AFP from similar neurological conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify the concepts of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) and Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM).
  • To highlight the differences and potential confusions between AFP and AFM.
  • To provide context on the role of AFP in polio eradication and the emergence of enterovirus-associated paralytic illnesses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on acute flaccid paralysis and myelitis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and etiological associations.
  • Comparison of diagnostic criteria and surveillance implications.

Main Results:

  • AFP serves as a key indicator for poliomyelitis eradication.
  • Enterovirus A71 and D68 are significant causes of polio-like acute flaccid paralysis.
  • Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) is proposed to differentiate these non-polio causes from AFP.

Conclusions:

  • Clear definitions are essential for accurate diagnosis and public health response.
  • AFM helps distinguish non-polio causes of acute flaccid paralysis.
  • Continued surveillance and research are vital for managing paralytic illnesses.