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Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis
Published on: February 6, 2021
Exogenous Endophthalmitis
Claudia Fabiani1, Manisha Agarwal2, Mohit Dogra3
1Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Purpose:
Exogenous endophthalmitis (ExE) results from microbial infection as a complication of ocular surgery, penetrating ocular trauma, and intraocular foreign bodies. We herein review the classification of ExE, etiological agents, differential diagnosis and therapeutic challenges.
Methods:
Narrative Literature Review.
Results:
Identification of the causative agent through ocular fluid analysis is central in the diagnostic work-up of ExE. Prompt intravitreal antimicrobial therapy is key to successful management of ExE and vitrectomy is essential in severe cases. In culture-negative cases, and in the presence of specific features, a diagnosis of sterile intraocular inflammation or toxic syndrome should be suspected.
Conclusion:
Strict adherence to treatment guidelines may improve outcomes of ExE, however the ultimate prognosis, especially in severe cases, may depend more on the virulence of the causative organism and associated ocular complications. Accurate differential diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial elements in the management and prognosis of non-infectious masquerades of ExE.
Insights
Exogenous endophthalmitis (ExE) requires prompt diagnosis and intravitreal antimicrobial therapy. Accurate differential diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing ExE and its mimics.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Exogenous endophthalmitis (ExE) is a severe intraocular infection following ocular procedures or trauma.
- It presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to treatment guidelines can improve ExE outcomes.
- Prognosis depends on causative organism virulence and ocular complications.
- Distinguishing ExE from non-infectious mimics is vital for effective management.
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