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Parosmia and Phantosmia: Managing Quality Disorders
1Otorhinolaryngology Department, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports
|February 1, 2023
Summary
Parosmia and phantosmia are smell distortion disorders impacting quality of life. Modified olfactory training (MOT) shows promise for treating parosmia, including COVID-19-related cases, while phantosmia treatment focuses on underlying causes.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Parosmia, a smell distortion disorder, affects up to 5% of the population, impacting mental well-being.
- Etiologies include sinonasal diseases, viral infections (notably COVID-19), TBI, and neurological conditions.
- Phantosmia, smell distortion without stimuli, shares some etiologies but has less straightforward treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on parosmia and phantosmia.
- To present support and treatment algorithms for these qualitative olfactory disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of parosmia and phantosmia.
- Evaluation methods include surveys, smell tests, fMRI, MRI, PET/CT, and gas chromatography.
- Treatment strategies involve olfactory training and addressing underlying etiologies.
Main Results:
- Modified olfactory training (MOT) is an effective treatment for post-infectious olfactory loss and COVID-19-induced parosmia.
- Parosmia triggers include thiols and pyrazines.
- Phantosmia treatment emphasizes etiology determination and symptomatic relief.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of parosmia requires focusing on normosmia recovery and patient support.
- Treatment for phantosmia is complex and requires individualized approaches based on etiology.
- Further research into olfactory disorders is crucial for improved patient outcomes.
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