Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sampling Theorem01:15

Sampling Theorem

429
In signal processing, the analysis of continuous-time signals, denoted as x(t), often involves sampling techniques to convert these signals into discrete-time signals. This process is essential for digital representation and manipulation. A critical component in sampling is the train of impulses, characterized by the sampling interval and the sampling frequency. The relationship between these parameters and the original signal's properties dictates the success of the sampling process.
429
Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

11.6K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
11.6K
Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

232
Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
232
Sampling Continuous Time Signal01:11

Sampling Continuous Time Signal

309
In signal processing, a continuous-time signal can be sampled using an impulse-train sampling technique, followed by the zero-order hold method. Impulse-train sampling involves the use of a periodic impulse train, which consists of a series of delta functions spaced at regular intervals determined by the sampling period. When a continuous-time signal is multiplied by this impulse train, it generates impulses with amplitudes corresponding to the signal's values at the sampling points.
In the...
309
Sampling Distribution01:12

Sampling Distribution

13.4K
Given simple random samples of size n from a given population with a measured characteristic such as mean, proportion, or standard deviation for each sample, the probability distribution of all the measured characteristics is called a sampling distribution. How much the statistic varies from one sample to another is known as the sampling variability of a statistic. You typically measure the sampling variability of a statistic by its standard error. The standard error of the mean is an example...
13.4K
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

12.1K
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
12.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optical scheme for cryptographic commitments with physical unclonable keys.

Optics express·2019
Same author

Continuous-variable quantum authentication of physical unclonable keys.

Scientific reports·2017
Same author

Three-Dimensional Rotation, Twist and Torsion Analyses Using Real-Time 3D Speckle Tracking Imaging: Feasibility, Reproducibility, and Normal Ranges in Pediatric Population.

PloS one·2016
Same author

Jigsaw puzzle metasurface for multiple functions: polarization conversion, anomalous reflection and diffusion.

Optics express·2016
Same author

Non-classical photon correlation in a two-dimensional photonic lattice.

Optics express·2016
Same author

[Polarization Modeling and Analysis of Light Scattering Properties of Multilayer Films on Slightly Rough Substrate].

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu·2016
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K

Experimental Boson Sampling Enabling Cryptographic One-Way Function.

Xiao-Wei Wang1,2,3,4, Wen-Hao Zhou1,2,3,4, Yu-Xuan Fu1,2,3,4

  • 1Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Physical Review Letters
|February 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores a novel cryptographic application of boson sampling, demonstrating its efficiency and security. The findings show smaller sample sizes are needed than predicted, highlighting boson sampling

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.1K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.1K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Quantum cryptography
  • Computational complexity

Background:

  • Boson sampling is a key problem for demonstrating quantum advantage.
  • Experimental efforts focus on large-scale boson sampling, but applications are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the efficiency and security of a cryptographic one-way function using coarse-grained boson sampling.
  • Explore practical applications of photonic boson sampling machines.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a photonic boson-sampling machine fabricated via femtosecond laser direct writing.
  • Experimentally implemented a cryptographic one-way function based on coarse-grained boson sampling.

Main Results:

  • The cryptographic function requires moderate sample sizes, significantly smaller (over 4 orders of magnitude) than Chernoff bound predictions.
  • For n≥3 photons and d∼poly(m,n) bins, outputs are infeasible for non-boson samplers, indicating security.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first experimental study on boson sampling applications in cryptography.
  • The results pave the way for further research into quantum cryptography and boson sampling applications.