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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Wireless Electrophysiological Recording of Neurons by Movable Tetrodes in Freely Swimming Fish
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Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Performance Comparison Utilizing Telnet and Superframe.

Kaveripakam Sathish1, Ravikumar Cv1, Mohd Nadhir Ab Wahab2

  • 1School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Source Tree Adaptive Routing-Least Overhead Routing Approach (STAR-LORA) protocol offers superior energy efficiency for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). STAR-LORA significantly reduces energy consumption compared to other routing protocols in both Telnet and Superframe deployments.

Keywords:
CB-UWSNUWSNenergyrouting protocolssuperframetelnet

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Area of Science:

  • Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs)
  • Network Efficiency and Energy Conservation

Background:

  • UWSNs face challenges like limited node battery capacity, high latency, network dynamics, and error propagation, hindering efficient data collection and task completion.
  • Existing routing protocols struggle with these underwater communication constraints, necessitating optimized solutions for UWSN performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the energy efficiency of various routing protocols in cluster-based underwater wireless sensor networks (CB-UWSNs).
  • To compare the performance of Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Fisheye State Routing (FSR), Location-Aided Routing 1 (LAR1), Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR), and Source Tree Adaptive Routing-Least Overhead Routing Approach (STAR-LORA) under different deployment scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of CB-UWSNs using the QualNet Simulator.
  • Deployment of networks using Telnet and Superframe applications.
  • Evaluation of routing protocols based on energy consumption metrics (receive and transmit power) across various operational modes.

Main Results:

  • STAR-LORA demonstrated significantly lower energy consumption compared to AODV, LAR1, OLSR, and FSR.
  • In Telnet deployment, STAR-LORA achieved a Receive Energy of 0.1 mWh and a Transmit Power of 0.05 mWh.
  • In Superframe deployment, STAR-LORA recorded a Receive Energy of 0.021 mWh and a Transmit Power of 0.009 mWh, showcasing superior efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • STAR-LORA is the most energy-efficient routing protocol among those evaluated for UWSN applications.
  • The findings suggest STAR-LORA is a highly suitable protocol for optimizing energy usage in underwater wireless sensor networks, particularly in Superframe deployments.