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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Published on: March 5, 2017
The Amphipathic Helix in Visual Cycle Proteins: A Review
Sheetal Uppal1, Eugenia Poliakov1, Susan Gentleman1
1Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Abstract:
The visual cycle is a complex biological process that involves the sequential action of proteins in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors to modify and shuttle visual retinoids. A majority of the visual cycle proteins are membrane proteins, either integral or peripheral membrane proteins. Despite significant progress in understanding their physiological function, very limited structural information is available for the visual cycle proteins. Moreover, the mechanism of membrane interaction is not yet clear in all cases. Here, we demonstrate the presence of an amphipathic helix in selected RPE visual cycle proteins, using in silico tools, and highlight their role in membrane association and function.
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