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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.4K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

5.9K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
5.9K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.2K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.2K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

41.5K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
41.5K
Fermi Level01:18

Fermi Level

654
The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
At absolute zero temperature, electrons fill all energy states up to the Fermi level, leaving upper states empty. As the temperature rises,...
654
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.4K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Ferroic Phases in Two-Dimensional Materials.

Ping Man1,2, Lingli Huang1,2, Jiong Zhao3,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.

Chemical Reviews
|September 6, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) ferroic materials, including ferroelectric and ferromagnetic types, show promise for advanced devices. Research reviews their origins, properties, and potential in electronics and energy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) ferroic materials exhibit unique physical properties and functional applications.
  • Recent theoretical predictions and experimental verifications have expanded the scope of 2D ferroics, including multiferroics and ferrovalleytronics.
  • Ferroic properties in 2D materials can be tuned through stacking, doping, and defect engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review recent research progress on 2D ferroic phases.
  • To emphasize the chemistry and structural origins of ferroic properties in 2D materials.
  • To discuss potential applications and future research directions in the field of 2D ferroics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent theoretical and experimental studies on 2D ferroics.
  • Analysis of the chemical and structural factors influencing ferroic properties.
  • Discussion of potential applications based on existing research.

Main Results:

  • A variety of 2D ferroic phases, including ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, ferroelastic, multiferroic, ferrovalleytronic, and ferrotoroidic materials, have been identified.
  • Intrinsic 2D ferroics and artificially regulated ferroic phases through stacking, doping, and defects are discussed.
  • Significant potential for applications in high-density memory, energy conversion, and sensing devices is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • 2D ferroic materials offer vast potential for future high-density memory, energy conversion, and sensing devices.
  • Further exploration of 2D ferroic materials and phenomena will significantly impact future functional materials and devices.
  • This review serves as a guide for future research and development in the field of 2D ferroics.