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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Related Experiment Video

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Infectious and Inflammatory Processes of the Orbits in Children.

Julie B Guerin1, Michael C Brodsky2, V Michelle Silvera1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester MN 55905, USA.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|September 23, 2023
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Pediatric orbital infections, often bacterial, require prompt imaging for diagnosis and management. Differentiating these from rare inflammatory masses and malignancies is crucial for effective treatment.

Keywords:
AbscessInfectionInflammationNeuroimagingOrbitPediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Bacterial infections are the most common cause of primary orbital pathology in children.
  • Radiologists frequently evaluate pediatric patients for suspected postseptal orbital infections.
  • Distinguishing inflammatory conditions from orbital malignancies is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging in pediatric orbital infections.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and management of complications.
  • To discuss the differential diagnosis between inflammatory processes and malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging findings in pediatric orbital infections.
  • Correlation with clinical presentation and outcomes.
  • Emphasis on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Results:

  • Contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging effectively detects orbital infections and complications.
  • Common complications include subperiosteal/orbital abscess, venous thrombosis, and intracranial spread.
  • Benign inflammatory masses can mimic malignancies, necessitating careful evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt and accurate radiologic assessment is vital for managing pediatric orbital infections.
  • Imaging guides early intervention, preventing severe sequelae.
  • Radiologists play a key role in differentiating infectious/inflammatory etiologies from orbital tumors.