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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...

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Hepatitis D: A Review.

Francesco Negro¹, Anna S Lok²

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

|November 9, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, often occurring with hepatitis B virus (HBV), accelerates liver disease progression. New treatments like bulevirtide show promise in clinical trials for managing this significant global health concern.

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Area of Science:

Hepatology and Virology
Infectious Diseases
Gastroenterology

Background:

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects millions globally, leading to more severe liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
HDV superinfection in chronic HBV carriers results in rapidly progressive liver disease, with high rates of cirrhosis and mortality, although disease progression can be variable.

Approach:

Review of HDV epidemiology, disease progression, diagnostic challenges, and current/emerging therapeutic strategies.
Analysis of clinical trial data for novel HDV therapies, including bulevirtide and lonafarnib, assessing their efficacy and safety profiles.
Evaluation of existing treatments like interferon alfa and the limitations of HBV nucleos(t)ide analogues against HDV.

Key Points:

HDV infection significantly worsens liver disease outcomes compared to HBV alone.
Accurate diagnosis of HDV remains a challenge, limiting timely intervention for many affected individuals.
Novel therapies bulevirtide and lonafarnib demonstrate potential for virological and biochemical response in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

HDV poses a substantial global health burden due to its aggressive nature and association with severe liver complications.
While interferon alfa offers some benefit, its adverse effects are common, and HBV-directed therapies are ineffective against HDV.
Emerging treatments like bulevirtide represent a significant advancement in managing chronic HDV infection, with ongoing research to optimize therapeutic strategies.