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Facial Appearance as Core Expression Scale: Benchmarks and Properties.

Christopher R Wolfe1, Deepak G Krishnan2, Shelby N Ortiz1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH USA.

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|December 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The new Facial Appearance as Core Expression Scale (FACES) reliably measures how individuals perceive their faces, aiding surgeons in understanding patient expectations for facial surgery.

Keywords:
Aesthetic facial surgeryBody dysmorphic disorderIdeal selfMaxillofacial surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Medical Device Development

Background:

  • Patient ideals for facial surgery may not align with surgeon expectations, potentially impacting outcomes.
  • Disparities in expectations can lead to dissatisfaction after corrective facial surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Facial Appearance as Core Expression Scale (FACES).
  • To assess the extent to which individuals' faces represent their ideal self.
  • To identify and reduce disparities in patient-surgeon expectations for facial surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1 involved 504 healthy young adults completing online questionnaires about their faces.
  • Study 2 included 165 participants rating their own faces, digitally altered patient images (pre/post-surgery), and benchmark images.
  • The Facial Appearance as Core Expression Scale (FACES) was developed and refined.

Main Results:

  • The final FACES instrument demonstrated high reliability across genders and races in Study 1.
  • Study 2 confirmed reliability and showed significant improvements in ratings for before and after surgery images, indicating scale validity.
  • The 14-item FACES, including a benchmark image, proved reliable and sensitive to perceived facial changes.

Conclusions:

  • The FACES is a reliable and sensitive measure for assessing perceptions of facial appearance and surgical changes.
  • While further validation in clinical samples is needed, FACES may help identify patients with atypical facial ideals.
  • The scale has potential applications in quantifying surgical outcomes and managing patient expectations in facial aesthetics.