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Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation in a Nonequilibrium Quantum Fluid
T R Kirkpatrick1, D Belitz2,3
1Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Abstract:
There is no simple fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for nonequilibrium systems. We show that for a fluid in a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) characterized by a constant temperature gradient there is a generalized FDT that relates commutator correlation functions to the bilinear response of products of observables. This allows for experimental probes of the long-range correlations in such a system, quantum or classical, via response experiments. We also show that the correlations are not tied to thermal fluctuations but are intrinsic to the NESS and reflect a generalized rigidity.
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