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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Drug-induced hypothyroidism in tuberculosis.

Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave1, María Del Carmen Durand-Vásquez1, Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio2

  • 1Division of Non-communicable diseases, Endocrinology research line, Hospital de Apoyo Chepén, Chepén, Perú.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|January 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-induced hypothyroidism is a common adverse reaction to tuberculosis treatment, affecting 17% of patients. Early thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement and levothyroxine treatment are recommended, while discontinuing tuberculosis drugs is discouraged.

Keywords:
Hypothyroidismaminosalicylic aciddrug-related side effects and adverse reactionsethionamidemultidrug-resistant tuberculosisprothionamide

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Adverse reactions to tuberculosis treatment can negatively impact patient adherence and outcomes.
  • Hypothyroidism is a frequent, often underdiagnosed, adverse reaction to ethionamide, prothionamide, and para-aminosalicylic acid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, clinical presentation, and management of antitubercular drug-induced hypothyroidism.
  • To highlight the importance of monitoring thyroid function during tuberculosis treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across Scielo, Scopus, and EMBASE databases.
  • 67 articles were included in the review.

Main Results:

  • Antitubercular drug-induced hypothyroidism affects 17% of patients, typically appearing 2-3 months into treatment and resolving 4-6 weeks after drug cessation.
  • The condition is thought to arise from inhibited thyroperoxidase function, impairing thyroid hormone synthesis.
  • Symptoms are nonspecific, underscoring the need for individualized thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Antitubercular drug-induced hypothyroidism is more prevalent than previously recognized, particularly in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.
  • Levothyroxine treatment is recommended, similar to primary hypothyroidism management, while discontinuing antitubercular drugs should be avoided.
  • Implementation of diagnostic and management strategies is challenging in low-income settings due to limited laboratory resources; vigilant monitoring for hypothyroidism is crucial with new tuberculosis drugs.