Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.4K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.4K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.4K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.4K
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.5K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
2.5K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

11.6K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
11.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

647
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
647
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

929
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
929

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unconventional Phase Shift in Spin Hall Magnetoresistance of Antiferromagnetic Insulators.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Giant spin-orbit magnetic state readout enhanced by a magnetic tunnel junction.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Picosecond all-electrical perpendicular magnetization switching.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Enhanced Damping-Like Torque through Strain Modulation in RuO<sub>2</sub>.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Two-Dimensional Superconductivity at the CaZrO<sub>3</sub>/KTaO<sub>3</sub>(001) Heterointerfaces.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Temperature-Resilient Reconfigurable Physical Unclonable Function Driven by Pulse Modulation Using CMOS-Integrated Spintronic Chips.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

High Pressure Synthesis of Ultrasmall Nanodiamonds with Nitrogen Vacancy Centers.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Efros-Shklovskii Law at the Thinnest Limit of a Material.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Oxygen Electronic Configuration Modulation Triggering Reversible Anionic Redox Chemistry toward High Voltage Tolerant Sodium Layered Oxide.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Development of a Nanoscale Protein-Protein Mapping of PDE4 Interface-Disrupting Peptides.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Lubricin-Protected Plasmonic Nanoslides Enable Stable, Reusable, Nonfouling, and Ultrasensitive Biomimetic-SERS Sensing for the Detection of Vancomycin in Unprocessed Whole Blood.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Forcing a Molecule to Switch: Quantifying Mechanical Control at the Atomic Scale.

Nano letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.7K

Large Field-like Spin-Orbit Torque and Enhanced Magnetization Switching Efficiency Utilizing Amorphous Mo.

Xinran Wang1, Ao Meng1, Yuxuan Yao1

  • 1Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

Nano Letters
|May 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molybdenum (Mo) shows promising spin-orbit torque (SOT) efficiencies in SOT-MRAM devices, enabling efficient current-induced magnetization switching. This research highlights Mo

Keywords:
Extrinsic spin Hall effectMagnetic random access memory (MRAM)Magnetization switchingSpin−orbit torque (SOT)

More Related Videos

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene
08:25

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Published on: July 3, 2015

11.5K
Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates
06:49

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Published on: April 12, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.7K
Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene
08:25

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Published on: July 3, 2015

11.5K
Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates
06:49

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7âˆ'ÃŽ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Published on: April 12, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Spin-orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) offers high write speeds and low power consumption.
  • Molybdenum (Mo) is explored for its potential to enhance perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in CoFeB/MgO-based MRAM cells.
  • Despite Mo's potential, its weak spin-orbit coupling makes it a less favored SOT material.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate spin-orbit torque efficiencies in Mo/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures.
  • To evaluate the impact of Mo thickness and temperature on SOT properties.
  • To demonstrate current-induced magnetization switching using Mo-based heterostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of Mo/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures.
  • Experimental measurement of damping-like (ξDL) and field-like (ξFL) spin-orbit torque efficiencies.
  • Temperature-dependent characterization of SOT properties.
  • Assessment of current-induced magnetization switching.

Main Results:

  • Amorphous Mo exhibits notable SOT efficiencies: |ξDL| = 0.015 ± 0.001 and |ξFL| = 0.050 ± 0.001.
  • A high field-like to damping-like SOT efficiency ratio (ξFL/ξDL > 3) was observed.
  • Efficient current-induced magnetization switching was achieved with critical current densities comparable to heavy metals like Iridium (Ir) and Tungsten (W).

Conclusions:

  • Molybdenum demonstrates significant potential as an SOT source material in SOT-MRAM.
  • The findings reveal Mo's viability as a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) buffer layer.
  • This study opens new avenues for utilizing Mo in advanced SOT-MRAM device applications.