Thyroid Nodule Rupture Following Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Interventional Radiology
• Surgical Oncology

Background:

• Thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly used for benign nodules.
• Nodule rupture (TNR) is a rare but serious complication of RFA.
• Understanding TNR is crucial for its management and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify procedural and patient factors contributing to TNR.
• To describe the management of TNR.
• To synthesize existing literature on TNR.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective case series of 298 patients undergoing RFA for benign thyroid nodules.
• Procedures performed using ultrasonography guidance and the moving-shot technique.
• Analysis of patient and procedural characteristics associated with TNR.

Main Results:

• Six patients (2%) experienced TNR, all anterior ruptures.
• Mean time to rupture was 36 days postprocedure.
• All cases were managed conservatively, with most patients recovering fully.

Conclusions:

• Anterior TNR may be linked to thermal and mechanical trauma from the moving-shot technique.
• Using smaller active tips and adjusting energy delivery may help prevent TNR.
• Further reporting is needed to clarify risk factors and improve prevention strategies.