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Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing
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Technologies to Study Genetics and Molecular Pathways.

Marcel Grunert1,2, Cornelia Dorn1, Ana Dopazo3

  • 1Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Investigating congenital heart disease (CHD) utilizes diverse models and advanced molecular techniques. These tools are crucial for understanding heart development and the molecular basis of CHD.

Keywords:
ATAC-seqAnimal modelsArray comparative genomic hybridizationArray-CGHCLIPCRISPRCaenorhabditis elegansCardiomyocytesCell cultureChIPChIP-seqChickenChromatin immunoprecipitationClawed frogDNA methylationDrosophila melanogasterES cellsEmbryonic stem cellsEpigenomeFACSFISHFluorescence in situ hybridizationFluorescence-activated cell sortingFruit flyGWASGallus gallusGenome-wide association studiesGenotyping technologiesHistological analysisImagingImmunohistochemistryIn situ hybridizationInduced pluripotent ES cellsMBDMRIMSMagnetic resonance imagingMass spectrometryMetabolomeMicro-CTMicro-computed tomographyMorpholino oligonucleotidesMouseMus musculusNGSNKX2-5NMRNematodeNext-generation sequencingNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyPAR-CLIPPhenotypingProteomeRNA-seqRatRattus norvegicusSILACSNPsSanger sequencingSingle-nucleotide polymorphismsTALENsTranscription activator-like effector nucleasesTranscriptomeXenopus laevisYeast-two-hybridZFNZebrafishZinc finger nucleasesiPSCs

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) research has advanced significantly with new model systems and molecular techniques.
  • Understanding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of CHD is critical for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current models and technologies used in CHD research.
  • To highlight the integration of various biological levels, from genes to whole organisms, in studying heart development and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Description of diverse model systems: CHD patients, animal models (invertebrates to mammals), and cell cultures.
  • Overview of cardiac phenotyping technologies: mouse and cell culture analysis, live imaging, and histological methods.
  • Introduction to cutting-edge molecular biotechniques: genotyping, next-generation sequencing, and multi-omics analyses (transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, metabolome).

Main Results:

  • The chapter details a wide array of experimental models and manipulation techniques applicable to heart development studies.
  • It covers advanced phenotyping methods for assessing cardiac structure and function in various models.
  • Latest molecular techniques for comprehensive biological analysis are presented, enabling deep dives into CHD mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The discussed models and technologies are indispensable for studying heart function and development.
  • These tools are essential for elucidating the complex molecular pathways involved in congenital heart disease.
  • Integrating these approaches provides a holistic understanding of CHD etiology and progression.