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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Visualizing Single Molecular Complexes In Vivo Using Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy
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SERS microscopy as a tool for comprehensive biochemical characterization in complex samples.

Janina Kneipp1, Stephan Seifert2, Florian Gärber2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany. janina.kneipp@chemie.hu-berlin.de.

Chemical Society Reviews
|June 27, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provides biochemical insights from tiny volumes of biomaterials. This review explores SERS in complex samples, data analysis, and advanced techniques for enhanced resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enables biochemical analysis of biomaterials at the nanoscale.
  • Heterogeneous samples like cells and tissues present challenges for SERS analysis.
  • Understanding SERS factors is crucial for accurate biochemical information retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing SERS experiments in complex bioorganic samples.
  • To discuss SERS applications in microscopic settings and advanced techniques.
  • To introduce robust data analysis tools, including bioinformatics and machine learning, for SERS data.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of SERS principles and biocompatible environments.
  • Exemplification of SERS spectroscopy in microscopy.
  • Integration of SERS with other microscopic tools for improved resolution.
  • Application of bioinformatics and machine-learning approaches for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key factors affecting SERS outcomes in biological samples.
  • Demonstration of SERS utility in various microscopic configurations.
  • Highlighting the potential of advanced data analysis for interpreting complex SERS spectra.
  • Showcasing machine learning for chemical information extraction beyond classification.

Conclusions:

  • SERS is a powerful tool for nanoscopic biochemical analysis of biomaterials.
  • Optimizing SERS experiments and data analysis is essential for reliable results.
  • Bioinformatics and machine learning offer promising avenues for advanced SERS data interpretation.