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Updated: Jun 22, 2025
Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: July 4, 2007
Seizure-Related Falls and Near Falls in LGI1-IgG Autoimmune Encephalitis
Xiaoyang Li1, Pranjal Gupta1, Kelsey M Smith1
1Department of Neurology (XL, PG, KMS, MR, AZ, EPF, A. McKeon, SJP, JWB, DD); Department of Radiology (A. Madhavan); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (AZ, EPF, A. McKeon, SJP, DD), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Objectives:
To study the frequency, causes, and consequences of seizure-related falls and near falls in LGI1-IgG autoimmune encephalitis.
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 136 patients seen at Mayo Clinic with (1) LGI1-IgG seropositivity, (2) clinical phenotypes compatible with LGI1-IgG autoimmune encephalitis, and (3) falls or near falls related to seizures. The clinical documentation, MRI, and EEG data were collected and reviewed.
Results:
In this cohort of 136 patients, 27% (n = 36) had falls or near falls related to seizures. The median age was 67 years (range 49-86 years) and 23/36 (64%) were male. Facio-brachio-crural dystonic seizures (21/36, 58%) and drop attacks (9/36, 25%) were the most common causes. Seizure-related falls resulted in injuries in 18/30 (60%), ranging from skin lacerations, joint dislocations, bone fractures to life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage. The injuries occurred most with drop attacks 8/9 (89%). Seizure-related falls or near falls resolved with immunotherapy in 24/32 (75%) whereas the responsiveness to anti-seizure medication alone was poor (4/32, 13%).
Discussion:
Our study demonstrates that seizure-related falls and near falls are common in LGI1-IgG autoimmune encephalitis. Early diagnosis, prompt immunotherapy initiation, and proper counseling are key to improving functional outcomes and preventing secondary injuries.
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