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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
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Using mindfulness-based intervention to promote executive function in young children: a multivariable and multiscale

Sha Xie1, Shuqi Lu2, Jiahao Lu2

  • 1Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|September 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Mindfulness training enhances executive function in young children by improving brain efficiency. This intervention positively impacts cognitive shifting and working memory, as shown by brain imaging and behavioral results.

Keywords:
brain complexityexecutive functionmindfulness-based interventionmultivariable and multiscale sample entropy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) is crucial for cognitive regulation during early childhood.
  • Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) show potential for enhancing children's EF.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of MBIs in early childhood is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on executive function in young children.
  • To explore the neural changes associated with MBIs using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
  • To examine the effects of MBIs on brain complexity and specific prefrontal cortex regions.

Main Methods:

  • fNIRS brain imaging was used to collect data from 68 children (aged ~60 months).
  • Participants were randomly assigned to an MBI group or a control group.
  • Multivariate and multiscale sample entropy analyses were applied to fNIRS data.

Main Results:

  • The MBI group showed reduced brain complexity across EF tasks, indicating enhanced neural efficiency.
  • Significant differences were observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex during cognitive shifting and working memory tasks.
  • These neural changes correlated with improved behavioral performance in the intervention group.

Conclusions:

  • Mindfulness-based interventions can improve executive function in young children by optimizing neural processing.
  • MBIs impact key brain regions involved in cognitive shifting and working memory.
  • Findings support the use of MBIs as an early intervention strategy to promote healthy brain development and cognitive skills.