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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Electric-Field-Induced Switchable Two-Dimensional Altermagnets.

Dinghui Wang1, Huaiqiang Wang2, Lulu Liu3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.

Nano Letters
|December 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers introduce extrinsic altermagnets, a novel class of materials where electric fields control spin splitting. This discovery offers a new platform for tunable spintronic devices, complementing intrinsic altermagnets.

Keywords:
high-throughput calculationsspin splitting effecttwo-dimensional altermagnets

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Altermagnetism is an unconventional antiferromagnetism enabling spin degeneracy lifting without net magnetization.
  • The spin splitting in intrinsic altermagnets, protected by symmetry, is challenging to control externally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate extrinsic altermagnets with electric-field-tunable spin splitting.
  • To identify novel intrinsic and extrinsic altermagnet materials through computational screening.

Main Methods:

  • Symmetry analysis combined with high-throughput computational calculations.
  • Investigating the modulation of spin splitting by external electric fields.

Main Results:

  • Identified 16 intrinsic and 24 extrinsic altermagnets.
  • Demonstrated that extrinsic altermagnet spin splitting is proportional to electric field strength and reversible.
  • Observed significant spin splitting in materials like CaMnSi (398 meV at 0.1 V/Å).

Conclusions:

  • Extrinsic altermagnets offer a new paradigm for controlling spin properties using electric fields.
  • This work provides a practical material basis for the future applications of 2D altermagnets in spintronics.