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Related Concept Videos

Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...

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Detecting Monkeypox Virus by Immunohistochemistry.

Spencer Ng1, Carla Stephan2, Mytrang Do3

  • 1Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
|December 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new monoclonal antibody test accurately detects Monkeypox virus (MPXV) in skin lesions. This immunohistochemical (IHC) stain aids in confirming mpox diagnoses when other methods are inconclusive.

Keywords:
immunohistochemistryinfectious diseasemonkeypoxmonoclonal antibodypoxvirusviral infection

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunohistochemistry

Background:

  • Mpox (Monkeypox virus - MPXV) outbreaks present with characteristic skin lesions.
  • Histopathology of mpox lesions shows epidermal necrosis, dermal edema, and viral cytopathic changes.
  • Traditional diagnostic methods for mpox can be nonspecific.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of a monoclonal antibody for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in confirming mpox infection.
  • To assess the specificity of the antibody against other viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Three PCR-confirmed mpox patient biopsies were stained using a monoclonal MPXV-specific antibody (targeting A29).
  • Control samples included cell lines with other MPXV antigens and skin biopsies from Molluscum contagiosum, Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, and Cytomegalovirus infections.

Main Results:

  • The MPXV-specific antibody reliably detected viral infection in all three mpox patient biopsies.
  • A diffuse cytoplasmic and focally nuclear staining pattern was observed in mpox lesions.
  • No staining occurred in control cell lines or biopsies of other viral infections, indicating high specificity.

Conclusions:

  • A monoclonal MPXV-specific antibody is a valuable adjunct tool for confirming mpox infection.
  • IHC staining with this antibody offers a specific method for diagnosing mpox in cutaneous lesions.